ABSTRACT
A utilização medicinal da Cannabis sativa L., usualmente chamada de maconha, é conhecida desde tempos remotos devido a suas elevadas propriedades terapêuticas. As discussões acerca de seu uso medicinal no Brasil são urgentes, notadamente porque já há comprovação científica dos benefícios relacionados ao tratamento de diversas enfermidades. Este artigo teve como foco demonstrar que os argumentos apresentados para criminalizar a C. sativa, além de concorrerem para uma conjuntura racista e criminalizadora de classes sociais baixas, violam os princípios bioéticos da beneficência, autonomia e justiça, ao impedir que o sujeito tenha acesso a prescrições médicas adequadas e menos onerosas, a fim de proporcionar o alívio de suas dores físicas e psíquicas. Para tanto, utilizou-se da metodologia qualitativa, por meio da qual se realizou revisão bibliográfica de artigos científicos publicados em português, entre os anos de 2015 e 2020, nas bases de dados Google Scholar e Scientific Electronic Library Online, juntamente com pesquisa de resoluções da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária e do Conselho Federal de Medicina. De posse desses dados, constatou-se a necessidade de democratização no acesso à C. sativa medicinal, sendo imprescindível o fornecimento gratuito de canabidiol pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, bem como uma normatização que permita o cultivo da C. sativa para fins medicinais para a produção de medicamentos no país.
The medicinal use of Cannabis sativa L., usually called marijuana, has been known since ancient times, due to its enhanced therapeutic properties. Discussions about its medicinal use in Brazil are urgent, especially because there is already scientific proof of the benefits that it can produce in treatment of various diseases. Therefore, it is essential that there is support from the State so that access to C. sativa for medicinal purposes is universal, considering the right to health treatments as a fundamental right, provided for in the Constitution. However, the use and possession for own consumption are still criminalized. Thus, the article seeks to demonstrate that the justifications presented to criminalize this plant, in addition to contributing to a racist marginalization of low social classes, violate Bioethical precepts, by preventing patients from accessing medical prescriptions that are adequate and less costly, to provide relief from their physical and mental pain. For that, we used a qualitative methodology. A bibliographic review of scientific articles published in Portuguese, between the years 2015 and 2020, was carried out in the Google Scholar and Scientific Electronic Library Online databases. Resolutions of the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency, as well as of the Federal Council of Medicine were also considered. With these data, this article concludes that the need for democratization in access to medicinal C. sativa is imperative, by supplying patients with CBD compounds through the Brazilian National Public Health System, and by enacting legislation that allows for the cultivation of C. sativa for medicinal purposes and for medicine production in Brazil.
Subject(s)
Bioethics , JurisprudenceABSTRACT
La vida y obra de algunos hombres y mujeres de la historia de la Medicina, transita a veces, sin artilugios, acompañadas tan solo de la humildad y la sabiduría de estos. Es por ello, que al resumir en breves líneas el tiempo de enseñanzas y heroicidades de estos paradigmas, solo se cumple con el noble objetivo de exponer a las nuevas generaciones la labor realizada por maestros, como lo fue, el Dr. Netptali Taquechel Tusiente. A través de la realización de una revisión histórica de su vida y aportes y con la obtención de los datos por medio de la entrevista, el expediente laboral y académico como fuente primaria, se procesó la información. Los aportes de este internista estuvieron centrados en la especialidad de Medicina interna y en su actividad como líder del Ministerio de Salud Pública en diversos escenarios, pero el mayor de todos fue ser considerado una figura paradigmática de la salud pública. Se concluye que este médico cubano transitó de joven revolucionario y destacado estudiante a profesor de alto reconocimiento en la educación médica y figura inolvidable para todo el que lo conoció, con un merecido puesto entre los grandes de la historia de la Medicina cubana.
The life and work of some men and women in the history of medicine sometimes pass through without any gadgets, accompanied only by their humility and wisdom. That is why, when summarizing in few lines the time of teachings and heroisms of these paradigms, the noble objective of exposing to the new generations the work carried out by teachers such as Dr. Netptali Taquechel Tusiente is fulfilled. A historical review of the life and contributions of the aforementioned doctor was carried out, and the information was processed by obtaining data from interviews as well as from his employment and academic records as a primary source. The contributions of this internist were focused on the specialty of internal medicine as well as on his activity as a leader of the Ministry of Public Health in various settings, but the greatest of all was to be considered as a paradigmatic figure of public health. It is concluded that this Cuban doctor went from being a revolutionary young man and an outstanding student to a highly recognized professor in medical education and an unforgettable figure for all who knew him, with a deserved position among the greats in the history of Cuban medicine.
Subject(s)
Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Resumo Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar as estruturas de interligações pelos membros do conselho de administração (CA) com expertise política e financeira de empresas listadas na B3. A amostra foi composta por 2.474 observações no período de 2010 a 2015. Por meio da Teoria da Agência, sugere-se que o board interlocking (BI) pela expertise financeira pode auxiliar o monitoramento corporativo e servir como mitigador dos conflitos da agência. Por outro lado, o BI pela expertise política pode maximizar o comportamento oportunista. Na visão da Teoria da Dependência de Recursos, o BI pela expertise financeira pode auxiliar as empresas na captação de recursos financeiros, enquanto o BI pela expertise política pode maximizar os resultados mediante contratos mais lucrativos e vantagens oferecidas pelos políticos. Conclui-se que a sistematização do BI pelos diferentes tipos de expertise pode ser utilizada em futuras pesquisas para explicar as estratégias, as decisões e os fenômenos corporativos, bem como para avaliar as causas e os efeitos de tais estruturas na gestão das organizações.
Resumen El estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las estructuras de interconexiones entre los miembros del Consejo de Administración (CA) con experiencia política y financiera de empresas que cotizan en la B3. La muestra se compuso de 2.474 observaciones en el período 2010-2015. Por medio de la Teoría de la Agencia, se sugiere que el board interlocking (BI) por la experiencia financiera puede auxiliar al monitoreo corporativo y servir como mitigador de los conflictos de la agencia. Por otro lado, el BI por la experiencia política puede maximizar el comportamiento oportunista. En la visión de la Teoría de la Dependencia de Recursos, el BI por la experiencia financiera puede auxiliar a las empresas en la captación de recursos financieros, mientras que el BI por la experiencia política puede maximizar los resultados mediante contratos más lucrativos y ventajas ofrecidas por los políticos. Se concluye que la sistematización del BI por las diferentes experiencias puede ser utilizada en las investigaciones futuras para explicar las estrategias, decisiones y fenómenos corporativos, así como para evaluar las causas y los efectos de tales estructuras en la gestión de las organizaciones.
Absract The study aims to evaluate the interconnection structures by members of the Board of Directors with political and financial expertise of companies listed in the Brazilian stock market B3. The sample consisted of 2,474 observations in the period from 2010 to 2015. It is suggested by the Agency Theory that board interlocking (BI) for financial expertise can help in corporate monitoring and mitigates the agency's conflicts. On the other hand, BI by political expertise can maximize opportunistic behavior. In the view of Resource Dependency Theory, BI for financial expertise can assist companies in attracting financial resources, while BI for policy expertise can maximize results through more lucrative contracts and advantages offered by policymakers. It is concluded that the systematization of BI by different expertise can be used in future research to explain corporate strategies, decisions, and phenomena, as well as to evaluate the causes and effects of such structures in the management of organizations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Organization and Administration , Professional Corporations , Organizations , Social Networking , Financial ManagementABSTRACT
Japan has abundant hot springs resources that have been empirically used for medical treatment and recreation for people with various diseases or injuries. In 1926, the University of Tokyo inaugurated the Department of Physical Medicine for the scientific study of the effects of hot springs on the human body and mind. Thereafter, balneological research institutes or spa hospitals were established that were affiliated with six national universities; Kyushu, Hokkaido, Okayama, Tohoku, Kagoshima and Gunma had been established by 1951. Although these balneological institutes, including the University of Tokyo, greatly advanced the basic and clinical research on the therapeutic effects of hot springs, they all were either closed or integrated into the main hospital of the university between 1994 and 2018, owing both to government reforms to national universities and decreased government financial support. A brief history of each institute and several titles of published research studies performed there are provided in this article. The closing of these research institutes is regrettable; however, balneological research is today an important field that contributes to maintenance and promotion of health for the sharply rising number of aged people in Japan. It is expected that a member of the Japanese Society of Balneology, Climatology and Physical Medicine will further develop balneological research using advanced scientific technologies, based on the results achieved in the seven historical institutes mentioned above.
ABSTRACT
Japan has abundant hot springs resources that have been empirically used for medical treatment and recreation for people with various diseases or injuries. In 1926, the University of Tokyo inaugurated the Department of Physical Medicine for the scientific study of the effects of hot springs on the human body and mind. Thereafter, balneological research institutes or spa hospitals were established that were affiliated with six national universities; Kyushu, Hokkaido, Okayama, Tohoku, Kagoshima and Gunma had been established by 1951. Although these balneological institutes, including the University of Tokyo, greatly advanced the basic and clinical research on the therapeutic effects of hot springs, they all were either closed or integrated into the main hospital of the university between 1994 and 2018, owing both to government reforms to national universities and decreased government financial support. A brief history of each institute and several titles of published research studies performed there are provided in this article. The closing of these research institutes is regrettable; however, balneological research is today an important field that contributes to maintenance and promotion of health for the sharply rising number of aged people in Japan. It is expected that a member of the Japanese Society of Balneology, Climatology and Physical Medicine will further develop balneological research using advanced scientific technologies, based on the results achieved in the seven historical institutes mentioned above.
ABSTRACT
Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación es valorar el "Programa de desarrollo de habilidades de acompañamiento directivo" (PAD), analizando su influencia sobre (1) la percepción y satisfacción de los docentes y (2) la percepción de los directivos sobre su labor de acompañamiento y la satisfacción percibida en los docentes. Se aplicó un diseño cuasi-experimental. Participaron 12 directivos y 16 docentes de cuatro centros educativos de la Región del Bío-Bío, Chile. Se concluye que el PAD tiene un efecto de mejora en (1) la percepción y satisfacción de los docentes, y (2) en la percepción y satisfacción percibida por los directivos en los docentes, por los procesos de acompañamiento realizados. Las dimensiones del PAD que obtienen mayores puntuaciones son apoyo (en los docentes) y sistematicidad (en los directivos).
Abstract The main objective of this research is to validate "The board of directors accompaniment skills programme to teachers" (BAP), analysing its influence over (1) the perception and satisfaction among the teachers and (2) the perception the board of directors showed about their accompaniment work and the perceived satisfaction among the teachers. A quasi-experimental design was applied where twelve participants of four boards of directors coming from four schools of the 8th Region plus sixteen teachers participated. It is concluded that the BAP has an improvement effect over both the teachers' and the board of directors' perception and the satisfaction among the board of directors about the accompaniment process they perform. The dimensions that obtain major punctuations are a support (in the teachers) and systematicity (in the executives). The dimensions which get higher scores are support (given to the teachers) and organization (coming from the board of directors).
Subject(s)
Humans , Faculty , Consumer Behavior , Job SatisfactionABSTRACT
Resumen El presente artículo de investigación está enmarcado dentro de la línea de indagación Aprendizaje para la Gestión y versa sobre los principales aprendizajes que han adquirido los directivos de educación básica del estado de Durango, México, para el mejor ejercicio de su función. Desde un estudio de narrativa, se recopilaron historias de 16 directores de educación primaria estatal pertenecientes a la zona escolar 24 del sector educativo no. 1 de la Secretaría de Educación Pública. El análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo mediante la herramienta de análisis de información cualitativa Atlas ti versión 7.5. Los hallazgos de la investigación muestran que los principales aprendizajes que los directivos de educación básica del estado de Durango, México, han adquirido de sus maestros para el mejor ejercicio de su función son dos: a) el trabajo en equipo, del cual se desprenden componentes como una eficaz y eficiente organización del trabajo, el trabajar siempre en colaboración y tener la mejor de las actitudes para trabajar; y b) el liderazgo compartido, aspecto en que se perciben elementos como el óptimo manejo y resolución de conflictos, el liderazgo y la toma de decisiones en conjunto por parte del colectivo escolar.
Abstract This research paper framed within the line of inquiry Learning Management, deals with the main lessons that have acquired the management of basic education in the state of Durango, Mexico, for the best performance of their duties. From a study of narrative histories of 16 directors of state primary education outside the school zone 24 the education sector 1 of the Ministry of Education. The data analysis was performed using the computer statistical package you Atlas ti version 7.5. The research findings show that there are two main lessons that have acquired the management of basic education in the state of Durango, Mexico, from their teachers for the better performance of their function: a) teamwork, which aspects emerge as an effective and efficient organization of work, always work together and have the best attitude to work and b) shared leadership, where elements such as optimal management and conflict resolution, leadership and decision making together are perceived by part of the school community.
ABSTRACT
Foram objetivos do estudo analisar o significado da autoridade exercida pela enfermeira gerente em instituições de saúde e comparar o tipo de autoridade de dirigentes de enfermagem no México e em Portugal. Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e comparativa, da qual participaram 24 gerentes de enfermagem. O instrumento utilizado foi o de roteiro de entrevista, com base nas dimensões: significado e tipo de autoridade.Discutiu-se o significado de autoridade de acordo com a teoria do interacionismo simbólico. Os resultados possibilitaram refletir sobre o significado de autoridade, revelando-se que, para as gerentes mexicanas, é um valor moral do gestor e, para os portugueses, uma competência inerente à posição. No que concerne ao tipo de autoridade exercido, para as primeiras predominou justiça, compreensão e igualdade em relação aos demais. Para os segundos,esta deve ser democrática, participativa e de aceitação. Conclui-se que não há confluência sobre a autoridade entre gerentes de ambos os países e que sua divergência incide na perspectiva final de suas decisões (AU).
The study aimed to analyze the meaning of the authority exercised by the nurse-manager in health institutions and to compare the type of authority of nurse-managers in Mexico and in Portugal. This study is qualitative, descriptive and comparative. A total of 24 nurse-managers participated. The instrument used was an interview script, based in the following dimensions: meaning and type of authority. The meaning of authority was discussed in accordance with the theory of symbolic interactionism. The results made it possible to reflect on the meaning of authority, revealing that for the Mexican managers it is a moral value on the part of the manager; while for the Portuguese, it is a skill which is inherent to the position. Regarding the type of authority exercised, for the former, justice, comprehension and equality in relation to the other employees predominated. For the latter, the authority must be democratic, participative and based on acceptance. It is concluded that among the managers from both countries there is no confluence regarding authority, and that their divergence affects the final perspective of their decisions (AU).
Los objetivos son analizar el significado de autoridad que ejerce la enfermera gerente en instituciones de salud y comparar el tipo de autoridad ejecutada por dirigentes de enfermería en México y Portugal. Investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y comparativa, participaron 24 gerentes de enfermería, el instrumento fue una guía de entrevista, basada en las dimensiones: significado y tipo de autoridad, se discutió el significado de autoridad según teoría de interaccionismo simbólico. Los resultados permitieron reflejar el significado de autoridad; para las gerentes mexicanas es un valor moral del dirigente y para los portugueses una competencia en función de la posición designada; respecto al tipo de autoridad que ejercen, en las primeras predominó, justicia, comprensión e igualdad hacia los demás, para los segundos democrática participativa y aceptación. Concluyéndose que no existe la misma dimensión de autoridad entre gerentes de ambos países, su divergencia radica en la perspectiva final de sus decisiones (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Nursing , Health Facility Administration , Hospital AdministrationABSTRACT
Resumo O presente artigo analisa a tomada de decisão da alta administração de hospitais públicos do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em relação a projetos que foram elaborados com a intencionalidade de mudar a gestão da clínica. O desenho metodológico é de natureza qualitativa, baseado na perspectiva hermenêutica-dialética. Em termos de resultados, destaca-se que os diretores dos hospitais perceberam que os projetos de gestão da clínica mudaram a realidade hospitalar, aprimorando sua organização, mobilizando seus servidores no sentido de ordenar e sistematizar as ações e os recursos disponíveis. A racionalidade técnica foi a principal fundamentação presente nas tomadas de decisão dos gestores, apesar de, por vezes, os contextos organizacionais fragmentados impedirem a utilização de outros aspectos relacionados com a racionalidade, como a análise econômico-financeira. O modelo incremental e o político também se manifestaram nos discursos. Conclui-se que a tomada de decisão é prática de enorme dimensão que contempla aspectos racionais, como uso de técnicas de gestão e da capacidade de análise, interpretação e síntese, e aspectos subjetivos, como seleção de valores e vivências pessoais, visto que os problemas gerenciais são mais amplos, ambíguos, complexos e menos estruturados na prática.
Abstract This paper analyses the decision making process for senior management in public hospitals that are a part of the National Health Service in Brazil (hereafter SUS) in relation to projects aimed at changing clinical management. The methodological design of this study is qualitative in nature taking a hermeneutics-dialectics perspective in terms of results. Hospital directors noted that clinical management projects changed the state of hospitals through: improving their organizations, mobilizing their staff in order to increase a sense of order and systemizing actions and available resources. Technical rationality was the principal basis used in the decision making process for managers. Due to the reality of many hospitals having fragmented organizations, this fact impeded the use of aspects related to rationality, such as economic and financial factors in the decision making process. The incremental model and general politics also play a role in this area. We concluded that the decision making process embraces a large array of factors including rational aspects such as the use of management techniques and the ability to analyze, interpret and summarize. It also incorporates subjective elements such as how to select values and dealing with people’s working experiences. We recognized that management problems are wide in scope, ambiguous, complex and do not come with a lot of structure in practice.
Subject(s)
Decision Making , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Hospitals, Public/organization & administration , BrazilABSTRACT
Estudo descritivo, histórico, de abordagem qualitativa, que utiliza o método da história oral de vida e a pesquisa documental para analisar a trajetória de vida das diretoras da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Bahia (EEUFBA), no período de 1946-1956, a partir de suas narrativas. O objetivo geral do estudo foi: analisar a trajetória de vida das diretoras da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Bahia no período de 1946 a 1956; e objetivos específicos: identificar traços biográficos das diretoras da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Bahia; descrever a trajetória profissional das diretoras da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Bahia e apontar os contributos dessas diretoras para a da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Bahia e para a enfermagem brasileira. Trata-se de um recorte do projeto de pesquisa intitulado "Militância Política de Enfermeiras no Estado da Bahia", aprovado pelo parecer consubstanciado CEP 663.359, que tem como objetivo geral analisar a militância política de enfermeiras no Estado da Bahia. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com as diretoras que se encontram vivas e de depoimentos existentes acerca da primeira diretora da EEUFBA, disponíveis em Bibliotecas e Centros de Documentação em História da Enfermagem. Para a interpretação dos achados, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo temática de Franco, e foram definidos, a priori, três eixos temáticos direcionadores da análise: contornos da vida das diretoras da EEUFBA; trajetória profissional das diretoras da EEUFBA; e inserção na história EEUFBA: avanços e dificuldades vivenciados enquanto diretora da EEUFBA. Os resultados do estudo evidenciaram que as diretoras da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Bahia, no período de 1946 a 1956, foram mulheres de destaque no cenário baiano e brasileiro, que atuaram durante sua trajetória de vida em prol da enfermagem. Seus valores éticos e morais transmitidos pelos pais e reelaborados por elas, determinaram o reconhecimento enquanto pessoa no âmbito social. Participaram efetivamente como presidentes, coordenadoras de comissões e/ou membros da diretoria da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem, revelando o comprometimento e a dedicação à profissão, em busca de espaços que fortalecessem a associação e seus propósitos de cunho cultural, educacional, científico e na formação de sujeitos políticos. A análise da trajetória de vida das diretoras da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Bahia nos deu a compreensão da conformação desta escola em seus aspectos políticos-pedagógicos e ideológicos na afirmação da enfermeira baiana. Portanto, pudemos compreender o presente por meio dos ditames do passado, pois a ações dessas diretoras repercutiram no viver das mulheres que compõem a história de hoje. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Schools, Nursing , Documentation , History of Nursing , Nursing/organization & administrationABSTRACT
Estudo descritivo, histórico, de abordagem qualitativa, que utiliza o método da história oral de vida e a pesquisa documental para analisar a trajetória de vida das diretoras da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Bahia (EEUFBA), no período de 1946-1956, a partir de suas narrativas. O objetivo geral do estudo foi: analisar a trajetória de vida das diretoras da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Bahia no período de 1946 a 1956; e objetivos específicos: identificar traços biográficos das diretoras da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Bahia; descrever a trajetória profissional das diretoras da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Bahia e apontar os contributos dessas diretoras para a da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Bahia e para a enfermagem brasileira. Trata-se de um recorte do projeto de pesquisa intitulado "Militância Política de Enfermeiras no Estado da Bahia", aprovado pelo parecer consubstanciado CEP 663.359, que tem como objetivo geral analisar a militância política de enfermeiras no Estado da Bahia. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com as diretoras que se encontram vivas e de depoimentos existentes acerca da primeira diretora da EEUFBA, disponíveis em Bibliotecas e Centros de Documentação em História da Enfermagem. Para a interpretação dos achados, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo temática de Franco, e foram definidos, a priori, três eixos temáticos direcionadores da análise: contornos da vida das diretoras da EEUFBA; trajetória profissional das diretoras da EEUFBA; e inserção na história EEUFBA: avanços e dificuldades vivenciados enquanto diretora da EEUFBA. Os resultados do estudo evidenciaram que as diretoras da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Bahia, no período de 1946 a 1956, foram mulheres de destaque no cenário baiano e brasileiro, que atuaram durante sua trajetória de vida em prol da enfermagem. Seus valores éticos e morais transmitidos pelos pais e reelaborados por elas, determinaram o reconhecimento enquanto pessoa no âmbito social. Participaram efetivamente como presidentes, coordenadoras de comissões e/ou membros da diretoria da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem, revelando o comprometimento e a dedicação à profissão, em busca de espaços que fortalecessem a associação e seus propósitos de cunho cultural, educacional, científico e na formação de sujeitos políticos. A análise da trajetória de vida das diretoras da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Bahia nos deu a compreensão da conformação desta escola em seus aspectos políticos-pedagógicos e ideológicos na afirmação da enfermeira baiana. Portanto, pudemos compreender o presente por meio dos ditames do passado, pois a ações dessas diretoras repercutiram no viver das mulheres que compõem a história de hoje.
Subject(s)
Humans , Schools , Schools, Nursing , Nursing Research , History of Nursing , Data Collection , NursesABSTRACT
Objective To explore methods for performance appraisal of directors of municipal hospitals in Shanghai.Methods To assess the management performance of directors of 24 tertiary hospitals each year,measured by five dimensions of social satisfaction,management efficiency,capital operation,development sustainability and staff satisfaction,and 23 indexes.Results Implementation of the performance appraisal has witnessed constant improvement of patient satisfaction and quality of medical care,as well as rational control of medical expenses and cost.In 2014 for example,the cost of emergency/outpatients per visit at such hospitals were 312 yuan and 1 5 600 yuan per hospitalization respectively,with 7.6 days of stay in average.Also improved were service efficiency,clinical research output and hospital business performance in general.Conclusion Performance appraisal of directors of public hospitals proves an important means for guiding the hospitals to adhere to public welfare, consistent with the government medical institution operation target, and to strengthen internal management of such hospitals.
ABSTRACT
This paper sampled 79 TCM hospitals above county level in Jiangsu Province for research.With hospital ownership,board governance and hospital directors as three dimension of internal governance structure,the multiple regression model was used to investigate the impact of such structure on its social responsibility performance.Education level,number of hospital directors,and their values are found to be significant factors on their social responsibility performance.
ABSTRACT
Este estudo procurou compreender o processo e os critérios considerados na avaliação de desempenho dos treinadores pertencentes a nove clubes desportivos da Região Autônoma da Madeira, Portugal. Foi utilizada uma metodologia de carácter qualitativo, com recurso à análise documental da estrutura, dos recursos humanos dos clubes e a uma entrevista semiestruturada realizada aos diretores com responsabilidades na avaliação dos treinadores. Os resultados ilustram um processo de avaliação não estruturado, baseado em informações pouco sistematizadas e rigorosas. Os critérios de avaliação mais relevantes foram os resultados desportivos dos atletas, seguidos das competências de liderança e competências pessoais e sociais do treinador.
This study aims to understand the process and the criteria evolved in the performance appraisal of coaches of nine sport clubs in the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Portugal. The methodology used was based on a documentary analysis of the human resources of the institution and it was carried out a semi-structured interview done to the directors responsible for the performance appraisal of the coaches. The results show a less structured evaluation process, based on poor and inaccurate organization data. The most relevant criteria in the evaluation process were the sports scores of athletes, followed by the leadership skills and personal and social skills of the coach.
Subject(s)
Humans , Employee Performance Appraisal , Workforce , Sports , PortugalABSTRACT
This paper studied the present governance practice in public hospitals in Wenzhou,Zhejiang province. Points made in the paper cover the following: failure of the check-and-balance of the three powers due to defects of the existing governance mechanism of public hospitals, absolute power and limitation of the hospital director as well as the patriarchal tendency of the director responsibility system.The author also demonstrated the director responsibility system under the board of directors, holding that the reform of the public hospital governance is a process of ongoing improvements, for which the mechanism of effective incentives, supervision and competition mechanism plays a key role for efficient hospital operations.
ABSTRACT
Objective Studies of the positioning,framework and weight of the performance of directors of third-grade public hospitals will pave the way for launching a study of the performance of these directors,and for the performance appraisal of the directors of third grade public hospitals.Methods The following methods are called into play:Meta-analysis of literature to summarize the research outcomes of the appraisal thinking and modeling for managers of public hospitals;the balance score card to design the theoretical base of public hospital performance framework;the Delphi Method to identify the functionality expected of public hospitals,and the thinking and framework for performance appraisal;in addition to experts consultancy to demonstrate via questionnaires.Results Positioning of directors performance appraisal of third-grade public hospitals comprises both desirable social effect outcomes and desirable operating status.This performance appraisal consists of such five dimensions as social satisfaction,effective management,asset operation,development sustainability,and employee recognition,totaling 12 performance objectives.Conclusion Scientific and reasonable design of the framework and weight of the perfofinance appraisal for managers of public hospitals is conducive to assuring the public interest nature for public hospitals.
ABSTRACT
Performance appraisal is an important means for keeping hospitals on correct tracks for their medical services and their public interest nature,in addition to its importance in enhancing internal performance management within public hospitals.Since 2006,Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development conducted performance appraisal for directors of 23 public hospitals in Shanghai.This paper highlights the importance of performance appraisal for these directors,and its significance in keeping the correct director of hospital operation.
ABSTRACT
The purposes of this study were to investigate the perception of community nutrition programs and the conditions to carry them out, for 32 directors of health centers where public health nutritionists are not employed. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. Nutrition intervention programs were not carried out actively except those for infants but the health center directors strongly felt the necessity of carrying out various nutrition programs. The factors that affect the selecting and priotizing of nutrition programs were the need of community residents, the perception of the local congressmen, and the head of the local government. The most urgent and important problem to be solved in order to intervene nutrition programs was employing public health nutritionists on a tenure basis. Other were securing necessary revenue, precise guidance, political support, hardwares, etc. These results showed the importance of employing public health nutritionists for intervening appropriate nutrition programs and improving the perception of nutrition services for health center directors, local congressmen and personnels in charge of formulating nutrition policies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Head , Local Government , Nutrition Policy , Nutritionists , Public HealthABSTRACT
This study has attempted to show general characteristics of health centre directors who have served the post of directorship during the last 40 years. Of 3,000 such health centre directors, information on about 2,500 directors was collected. While average length of service for health center directors has increased, that of vacancy period has decreased. Rural areas have a shorter average length of service than the urban area. Rural areas have twice longer length of vacancy period per health center. Kangwon-do has the longest average length of vacancy period since 1980(2.79 months/year), and Daejeon has the shortest length of vacancy period(0.21 months/year). Chung-buk has no physician directors. The civil servant's rank for the directorship has promoted from the fifth level to the fourth level since 1990. A comparison between the physician director and non-physician director was made as follows : First, the proportion of physician directors had maintained rather high before 1980s ; 62.5% in 1963, 78.3% in 1970, 70.4% in 1980. It decreased to 44.1% in 1990 and 47.6% in 1997. Instead, non-physician directors has abruptly increased since 1980s(12.4% in 1980, 55.4% in 1990 and 50.8% in 1997). Second, physician directors mainly locate in the urban area(58.0% in 1997), but non-physician directors mainly in the rural area(67.2% in 1997). Third, since 1980, the average length of service for physician directors and for non-physician directors has become similar. Fourth, the mean age of physician directors is 45.1 years, and that of non-physician directors 55.7 years. The latter is 10 years older than the former.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , KoreaABSTRACT
Adoption of the board of directors system in a public hospital is conducive to straightening out its internal management system and enables its head to more effectively exercise his power of supervision while giving full play to his functions. In addition, when major issues are concerned, decision-making is more democratic and scientific, reducing disputes over trifles. The board of directors system may after all be accepted as an effective form of management.